Components Reference
All 21 hardware components supported by ArduinoStudio — with wiring guides and specs.
Motion / Output
DC Motor
DC Motor 4VDC 11A
A brushed DC motor that converts electrical energy into mechanical rotation. Perfect for wheels, fans, and simple rotating mechanisms.
Wiring: Connect motor terminals to an H-Bridge (L298N or L293D). IN1/IN2 pins to Arduino digital pins for direction control. EN pin to PWM pin for speed control. External power supply recommended for motors over 200mA.
4V DC, 11,000 RPM (no load), 0.7A stall current
Servo
Servo Motor SG90
A precise position-controlled motor. Rotates to specific angles (0-180°). Ideal for robotic arms, steering, and pan-tilt mechanisms.
Wiring: Red wire → 5V, Brown/Black wire → GND, Orange/Yellow wire → Arduino PWM pin (e.g., pin 9). Use the Servo library. For multiple servos, use external 5V power supply.
4.8-6V, 180° rotation, 1.8kg/cm torque
LED
RGB LED
RGB LED (Common Cathode)
A multi-color LED that can produce any color by mixing Red, Green, and Blue light intensities using PWM.
Wiring: Longest pin (cathode) → GND. Red pin → 220Ω resistor → Arduino PWM pin. Green pin → 220Ω resistor → Arduino PWM pin. Blue pin → 220Ω resistor → Arduino PWM pin.
Forward voltage: R=2.0V, G=3.2V, B=3.2V. Max 20mA per color.
Standard LED
Standard LED 5mm
A basic single-color LED. Available in red, green, yellow, blue, and white. The simplest output component for visual feedback.
Wiring: Long leg (Anode, +) → 220Ω resistor → Arduino digital pin. Short leg (Cathode, -) → GND. Use analogWrite() on PWM pins for brightness control.
Forward voltage: 1.8-3.3V (varies by color). Max 20mA.
Inputs
Photoresistor
Photoresistor (LDR)
A light-dependent resistor (LDR). Resistance decreases with increasing light intensity. Use for light-sensing projects like automatic lights.
Wiring: One leg → 5V. Other leg → Arduino analog pin (A0-A5) AND to GND through a 10kΩ resistor (voltage divider). Read with analogRead().
Dark resistance: ~1MΩ, Light resistance: ~10kΩ. 5V max.
Potentiometer
Potentiometer 10kΩ
A variable resistor with a rotating knob. Outputs analog voltage proportional to rotation. Great for controlling speed, brightness, or position.
Wiring: Left pin → 5V, Right pin → GND, Middle pin (wiper) → Arduino analog pin (A0-A5). Read with analogRead() for 0-1023 range.
10kΩ, linear taper, 300° rotation.
Button
Tactile Push Button
A momentary push button that closes a circuit when pressed. The most basic digital input for user interaction.
Wiring: One leg → Arduino digital pin (with INPUT_PULLUP). Opposite leg → GND. Or: One leg → 5V, other leg → Arduino digital pin AND to GND through 10kΩ pulldown resistor.
Rated 12V/50mA. Bounce time: ~5ms.
IR Motion
PIR Motion Sensor HC-SR501
A passive infrared sensor that detects motion from warm bodies (humans, animals). Output goes HIGH when motion is detected.
Wiring: VCC → 5V, GND → GND, OUT → Arduino digital pin. Adjust sensitivity and delay with onboard potentiometers. Allow 30-60s warm-up time on startup.
Detection range: 3-7m, angle: 120°. Output: 3.3V HIGH.